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NDSU Guidelines :: Zoonoses

Selected Zoonoses:

Diseases Spread from Animals to Humans

CALL 231-7521 (NDSU Attending Veterinarian),
231-8307 (NDSU Veterinary Diagnostic Lab), or
231-8114 (Institutional Biosafety Committee)
TO ASK QUESTIONS OR REPORT SUSPECTED CASES.
Animal
Disease &
Microorganism
Transmission
Human Symptoms &
Diagnosis
Bacterial
Farm animals Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis		 Contact,
inhalation,
ingestion		 Skin ulcer, septicemia, gastrointestinal disease
Cattle, birds, humans, swine, sheep, goats, rabbits, cats, dogs, ferrets Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium spp.		 Aerosols Primarily pneumonia but can affect many organ systems
Deer, dogs, horses, mice w/ ticks Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi		 Tick bites Dermatitis, joint and muscle pain
Horses Rhodococcus
pneumonia
Rhodococcus equi		 Horse manure, soil Pneumonia
Wild and domestic rodents with fleas, cats, dogs, coyotes, rabbits, goats Plague
Yersinia pestis		 Fleas from named animals, ingestion, contact Pneumonia, septicemia, gastrointestinal disease
Cats Cat Scratch Disease
Bartonella henselae		 Cat scratch or bite Dermatitis, lymph node swelling, fever, malaise, anorexia, headache
Dogs Capnocytophaga
canimorsus		 Dog bites sepsis, skin infection
Swine sheep, goats, dogs, cattle Brucellosis
Brucella suis, ovis, melitensis, canis, abortus		 Contact ingestion Fever, headache, chills, myalgia, nausea, weight loss, septicemia
Domestic and wild animals; particularly rodents, livestock, amphibians, reptiles Leptospirosis
Leptospira interrogans		 Contact with urine or tissue of infected animal Fever, headache, chills, myalgia, rash, anemia, kidney failure, jaundice, nervous system disease
Dogs, cats, sheep, livestock, poultry Campylobacter spp. Ingestion, contact Diarrhea, fever, nausea, vomiting
Farm animals, rodents, reptiles Salmonellosis
Salmonella spp.		 Contact,
inhalation,
ingestion		 Gastrointestinal disease, septicemia
Rodents, rabbits, pigs, sheep, cattle, horses, dogs, cats, and birds Yersiniosis
Yersinia enterocolitica
and pseudotuberculosi		 Ingestion,
contact		 Fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Birds(including parrots, ducks, turkeys, etc.) Psittacosis
Chlamydia
psittaci		 Contact,
inhalation		 Fever, headache, myalgia, chills, pneumonia, hepatitis, encephalitis
Rabbits, hares, voles, muskrats, beavers Tularemia
Francisella
tularensis		 Animal contact, ingestion and tick bites Skin ulcers, lymph node swelling, septicemia, pneumonia, gastrointestinal disease
Rats Rat-bite fever
Streptobacillus
moniliformis		 Primarily through rat bite Chills, fever, malaise, headache, muscle pain, rash, arthritis, pneumonia
Swine Streptococcosis
Streptococcus suis 		Contact, ingestion Sepsis
Viral
Rodents Hantavirus Inhalation of infected aerosols (respiratory secretions, urine, saliva, feces) Fever, myalgia, headache, cough, respiratory failure
All mammals; particularly wild and domestic canines, cats, skunks, raccoons, bats, and other feral animals Rabies Bites,
saliva contact		 Neurologic disease, dementia, coma
Horses or birds w/mosquitoes Eastern, western, and St. Louis encephalitis;
West Nile Virus
Infection(arboviral disease)		 Mosquito-borne from birds Neurologic disease, dermatitis, fever
Avian species, swine, horses, mink Influenza Aerosol and contact Fever, headache, myalgia, prostration, coryza, sore throat, cough
Sheep Orf, contagious ecthyma,
contagious pustular dermatitis		 Contact Ulcerative to nodular dermatitis
Rodents, swine, dogs, nonhuman primates LCM (Lymphocytic choriomeningitis) Contact, inhalation of secretions (urine, feces, saliva) Fever, myalgia, headache, malaise (flu-like symptoms)
Fungal
Dogs, cats, rodents, cattle, horses Dermatomycosis Ringworm
Trichophyton and Microsporum spp 		Contact Dermatitis
Avian species, particularly pigeons Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcus neoformans 		inhalation Pulmonary disease, meningitis, osteomyelitis
Rickettsial
Cattle, sheep, goats Q-fever
Coxiella burnetii		 Contact,
inhalation,
ingestion		 Fever, chills, headache, weakness, malaise, profuse sweating, pneumonia
Dogs, rodents and their ticks and fleas Rocky Mountain
Spotted Fever
Rickettsia rickettsii		 Tick bites, aerosol Fever, headache, encephalitis, myalgia, rash
Dogs, horses Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichiaspp		 Tick bite Fever, chills, headache, weakness, malaise, nausea, vomiting
Parasitic
Warm-blooded animals; particularly cats, sheep Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii		 Contact with cat feces or sheep placenta; ingestion of undercooked meat Fever, myalgia, arthralgia, swollen lymph nodes, hepatitis; severe fetal infection in pregnant women; severe disease in immunocompromised people
Wild and domestic dogs and cats Scabies
Sarcoptes scabiei		 Close contact
with infected animals		 Dermatitis
Wild and domestic animals; dogs, cats Giardiasis
Giardia lamblia		 Ingestion Anorexia, nausea, cramps, bloating, diarrhea
Mammals, birds, reptiles, fish; lambs, calves, pigs, rabbits, guinea pigs, mice, dogs, cats Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidium spp.		 Ingestion Cramping, abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, malaise; severe diarrhea in immunocompromised people
Pigs Balantidiasis
Balantidium coli		 Ingestion Diarrhea, abdominal pain, straining, nausea, vomiting
Wild and domestic animal species Roundworms
Tapeworms
Hookworms		 Ingestion or contact Mild gastrointestinal disease,Cutaneous and visceral larval migrans
Cattle and swine Cysticercosis
tapeworms		 ingestion Mild gastrointestinal disease, central nervous system disease (swine tapeworm)
Wild and domestic dogs and cats Echinococcosis
Echinococcus
granulosis and multilocularis 		ingestion Internal tapeworm cysts
Swine, dogs, cats, horses, rats, many species of wild animals Trichinosis
Trichinella spiralis		 ingestion Dermatitis, muscle pain, periocular swelling, fever, sweating, chills

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