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Interviews:
Ethics and Etiquette
This
information is adapted from:
Robert P. Inkster and Judith M. Kilborn's The Writing of Business.
Boston: Allyn Bacon, 1999. 476-480.
Potential initial concerns for your narrator:
- The interview will waste his/her time.
- The interview has a hidden agenda.
- The interview information will be misused or misrepresented.
How you can diffuse these concerns:
- Try to frame the interview's purpose in ways that show how you will
both benefit. For example, let the person know that you are attempting
to understand the lives and choices of women who have very different
lives and choices from yours. Let her know you need and will value the
input the interview will provide.
- Be very honest about your project, what you are doing, who will read
the paper. Be sure to suggest that your understanding is provisional,
and that's why you want and need the interviewee's help.
- Offer the interviewee a chance to read some of the questions before
the interview (just let her know that you how some questions will grow
out of the conversation in the interview itself).
- Let the interviewee know s/he can read (and comment) on your final
draft of the interview before you share it with a larger group.
- Use a tape recorder so you have a good record of what was said. (If
you need a tape recorder, lets try to pool resources in the class.)
- Lay out the ways in which you will respect this person's confidentiality,
if that is an issue: safeguard or destroy the tape, use a pseudonym,
etc.
Before the interview:
Decide upon your goals for the interview.
- What do you need and want to know?
- What are the key issues?
- What questions will get you the info you need?
Asking for the interview:
By telephone or via e-mail contact the interviewee. "Express clearly,
specifically and convincingly what your intentions are," making sure the
interviewee knows you are aware this is a potentially intrusive request.
Do your best to address any potential concerns. Let the person know you
are asking up to 60 minutes of her time. Be clear about what you will
and will not do with the information revealed in the interview.
If your interviewee agrees to the interview, treat your request as a
promise:
- Take no more time than you initially suggest.
- If you send the questions in advance, stick to those, asking follow-ups
for clarification and elaboration. If you feel the need to ask questions
not agreed upon, ask if it's okay.
- If you agree to keep the person's identity anonymous, please don't
reveal it, even to me. (Use a pseudonym when you write up your interview.)
- If the person agrees to the interview, thank her and schedule a time.
DON'T be late! If you must miss the appointment, call as soon as you
know and reschedule.
- If the person cannot agree to the interview, assure her you understand
and thank her for the time you've taken.
At the interview:
The most important points are about etiquette and ethos (ethos is how
you present yourself).
- Arrive on time.
- Dress appropriatelycasually but neatly.
- Have all materials you need: paper, pens, questions, tape recorder
(with an extra tape and batteries).
- Introduce yourself, shake hands.
- Explain the project, ask for permission to tape record.
- Treat the interview as a conversation, but try to keep the interviewee
on topic. Ask questions that let the interviewee talk freely. Feel free
to follow-up, gently and politely, if your question is not answered.
After the interview:
Again, you still have some duties following the interview, the most important
of which are about etiquette and ethos (ethos is how you present yourself).
- End on time or politely ask if the person can extend the time slightly.
- As you leave, thank the person for her time.
- Ask the interviewee if she would like to see a copy of this work or
know more about the results of your project. If so, set up a time to
do that and follow through.
- Go home and write a thank-you note. Even if you are interviewing your
own mom! It will convince her she did a good job.
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