options ls=65 ps=54;     /* linesize=65 characters pagesize=54 */
title 'Tension Bond Strength Data from Table 2-1 pg. 21';

* Read data into SAS from an external file;
filename raw '~/Montgomery/Data/tble2-1.dat';
data raw;
  infile raw;
  input strength trmt $;            /* strength is numeric and */
run;                                /* trmt is character */

proc print data=raw;                         /* print the data */
run;


        Tension Bond Strength Data from Table 2-1 pg. 21        1
                                13:52 Thursday, December 18, 1997

                     OBS    STRENGTH    TRMT

                       1      16.85      M  
                       2      16.40      M  
                       3      17.21      M  
                       4      16.35      M  
                       5      16.52      M  
                       6      17.04      M  
                       7      16.96      M  
                       8      17.15      M  
                       9      16.59      M  
                      10      16.57      M  
                      11      17.50      UM 
                      12      17.63      UM 
                      13      18.25      UM 
                      14      18.00      UM 
                      15      17.86      UM 
                      16      17.75      UM 
                      17      18.22      UM 
                      18      17.90      UM 
                      19      17.96      UM 
                      20      18.15      UM 

* descriptive statistics by group;
proc univariate data=raw plot normal;
  var strength;
  by trmt;
run;


       Tension Bond Strength Data from Table 2-1 pg. 21        2
                                13:52 Thursday, December 18, 1997

---------------------------- TRMT=M -----------------------------

                      Univariate Procedure

Variable=STRENGTH

                            Moments

            N                10  Sum Wgts         10
            Mean         16.764  Sum          167.64
            Std Dev    0.316446  Variance   0.100138
            Skewness   0.127705  Kurtosis   -1.68587
            USS        2811.218  CSS         0.90124
            CV         1.887649  Std Mean   0.100069
            T:Mean=0   167.5246  Pr>|T|       0.0001
            Num ^= 0         10  Num > 0          10
            M(Sign)           5  Pr>=|M|      0.0020
            Sgn Rank       27.5  Pr>=|S|      0.0020
            W:Normal   0.923376  Pr<W         0.3709


                        Quantiles(Def=5)

             100% Max     17.21       99%     17.21
              75% Q3      17.04       95%     17.21
              50% Med     16.72       90%     17.18
              25% Q1      16.52       10%    16.375
               0% Min     16.35        5%     16.35
                                       1%     16.35
             Range         0.86                    
             Q3-Q1         0.52                    
             Mode         16.35                    





        Tension Bond Strength Data from Table 2-1 pg. 21        3
                                13:52 Thursday, December 18, 1997

---------------------------- TRMT=M -----------------------------

                      Univariate Procedure

Variable=STRENGTH

        Stem Leaf                     #             Boxplot
         172 1                        1                |   
         171 5                        1                |   
         170 4                        1             +-----+
         169 6                        1             |     |
         168 5                        1             |     |
         167                                        *--+--*
         166                                        |     |
         165 279                      3             +-----+
         164 0                        1                |   
         163 5                        1                |   
             ----+----+----+----+              
         Multiply Stem.Leaf by 10**-1          


                         Normal Probability Plot              
     17.25+                                       +*+         
          |                                   *+++            
          |                                *+++               
     16.95+                             *+++                  
          |                          *+++                     
          |                       ++++                        
     16.65+                    +++                            
          |                 +*+ *  *                          
          |              +*+                                  
     16.35+          *+++                                     
           +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
               -2        -1         0        +1        +2     



        Tension Bond Strength Data from Table 2-1 pg. 21        4
                                13:52 Thursday, December 18, 1997

---------------------------- TRMT=UM ----------------------------

                      Univariate Procedure

Variable=STRENGTH

                            Moments

            N                10  Sum Wgts         10
            Mean         17.922  Sum          179.22
            Std Dev    0.247916  Variance   0.061462
            Skewness   -0.28487  Kurtosis    -0.7528
            USS        3212.534  CSS         0.55316
            CV         1.383304  Std Mean   0.078398
            T:Mean=0   228.6032  Pr>|T|       0.0001
            Num ^= 0         10  Num > 0          10
            M(Sign)           5  Pr>=|M|      0.0020
            Sgn Rank       27.5  Pr>=|S|      0.0020
            W:Normal   0.965343  Pr<W         0.8339


                        Quantiles(Def=5)

             100% Max     18.25       99%     18.25
              75% Q3      18.15       95%     18.25
              50% Med     17.93       90%    18.235
              25% Q1      17.75       10%    17.565
               0% Min      17.5        5%      17.5
                                       1%      17.5
             Range         0.75                    
             Q3-Q1          0.4                    
             Mode          17.5                    





        Tension Bond Strength Data from Table 2-1 pg. 21        5
                                13:52 Thursday, December 18, 1997

---------------------------- TRMT=UM ----------------------------

                      Univariate Procedure

Variable=STRENGTH

        Stem Leaf                     #             Boxplot
         182 25                       2                |   
         181 5                        1             +-----+
         180 0                        1             |     |
         179 06                       2             *--+--*
         178 6                        1             |     |
         177 5                        1             +-----+
         176 3                        1                |   
         175 0                        1                |   
             ----+----+----+----+              
         Multiply Stem.Leaf by 10**-1          


                         Normal Probability Plot              
     18.25+                                   * +++*          
          |                                *++++              
          |                             *+++                  
          |                        *+*++                      
          |                     *+++                          
          |                 +*++                              
          |             ++*+                                  
     17.55+        ++*++                                      
           +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
               -2        -1         0        +1        +2     



        Tension Bond Strength Data from Table 2-1 pg. 21        6
                                13:52 Thursday, December 18, 1997

                      Univariate Procedure
                         Schematic Plots

Variable=STRENGTH

                  |                            
            18.25 +                        |   
                  |                        |   
                  |                     +-----+
                  |                     |     |
               18 +                     |     |
                  |                     *--+--*
                  |                     |     |
                  |                     |     |
            17.75 +                     +-----+
                  |                        |   
                  |                        |   
                  |                        |   
             17.5 +                        |   
                  |                            
                  |                            
                  |                            
            17.25 +                            
                  |            |               
                  |            |               
                  |         +-----+            
               17 +         |     |            
                  |         |     |            
                  |         |     |            
                  |         |     |            
            16.75 +         *--+--*            
                  |         |     |            
                  |         |     |            
                  |         |     |            
             16.5 +         +-----+            
                  |            |               
                  |            |               
                  |                            
            16.25 +                            
                   ------------+-----------+-----------
             TRMT                 M          UM

proc plot data=raw;                     /* comparison dot plot */
  plot strength*trmt;
run;

        Tension Bond Strength Data from Table 2-1 pg. 21        7
                                13:52 Thursday, December 18, 1997
   Plot of STRENGTH*TRMT.  Legend: A = 1 obs, B = 2 obs, etc.

      STRENGTH |
         18.25 +                                       A
               |                                       A
               |                                       A
               |
               |
         18.00 +                                       A
               |                                       A
               |                                       A
               |                                       A
               |
         17.75 +                                       A
               |
               |                                       A
               |
               |
         17.50 +                                       A
               |
               |
               |
               |
         17.25 +
               |  A
               |  A
               |
               |  A
         17.00 +
               |  A
               |
               |  A
               |
         16.75 +
               |
               |
               |  A
               |  A
         16.50 +  A
               |
               |  A
               |  A
               |
         16.25 +
               ---+------------------------------------+--
                  M                                   UM
                                   TRMT


proc ttest data=raw;        /* 2-sample t-test for indep.pops. */
  class trmt;
  var strength;
run;
                                                               
        Tension Bond Strength Data from Table 2-1 pg. 21        8
                                13:52 Thursday, December 18, 1997

                         TTEST PROCEDURE

Variable: STRENGTH                                             

TRMT       N             Mean          Std Dev        Std Error
---------------------------------------------------------------
M         10      16.76400000       0.31644554       0.10006887
UM        10      17.92200000       0.24791576       0.07839785

Variances        T       DF    Prob>|T|
---------------------------------------
Unequal    -9.1094     17.0      0.0001
Equal      -9.1094     18.0      0.0000

For H0: Variances are equal, F' = 1.63    DF = (9,9)
                             Prob>F' = 0.4785



















* Normal Probability Plots;        
proc rank data=raw out=qqplot normal=vw;
  var strength;
  ranks expected;
  by trmt;
run;

proc plot data=qqplot vpct=50;
  plot strength*expected = '*';
  by trmt;
run;
        Tension Bond Strength Data from Table 2-1 pg. 21        9
                                13:52 Thursday, December 18, 1997

---------------------------- TRMT=M -----------------------------

         Plot of STRENGTH*EXPECTED.  Symbol used is '*'.
 
STRENGTH |
    17.5 +
         |
         |                                            *
         |                                       *
    17.0 +                                *  *
         |                            *
         |
         |                      *   *
    16.5 +                   *
         |          *    *
         |
         |
    16.0 +
         |
         --+------------+------------+------------+------------+-
          -2           -1            0            1            2
                        RANK FOR VARIABLE STRENGTH
 
        Tension Bond Strength Data from Table 2-1 pg. 21       10
                                13:52 Thursday, December 18, 1997

---------------------------- TRMT=UM ----------------------------

         Plot of STRENGTH*EXPECTED.  Symbol used is '*'.
 
STRENGTH |
   18.25 +                                       *    *
         |
         |                                   *
         |
   18.00 +                                *
         |                            *
         |                      *   *
         |
   17.75 +                   *
         |
         |               *
         |
   17.50 +          *
         |
         --+------------+------------+------------+------------+-
          -2           -1            0            1            2
                        RANK FOR VARIABLE STRENGTH