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Microbiology 435: Hematology
Review Questions for Exam 1
Spring 2000

These questions are meant to be used as a study guide for your reading assignments in the text. All of the answers can be found in the reading assignment. Not all of the exam questions will come from these questions. The questions for the exam will be in multiple choice format. Procedural questions will be left to laboratory quizzes and exams. No specific diseases will be covered unless we specifically discuss them in lecture.

  1. What are the four components of blood?
  2. What determines the thickness of the buffy coat on a spun down unclotted blood sample?
  3. What is the term that means "the tendency of an organism such as the human body to move toward stability in the normal physiological sense?"
  4. What happens to cells placed in a hypotonic solution?
  5. What happens to cells placed in a hypertonic solution?
  6. What is an isotonic solution?
  7. What is body temperature in 0C?
  8. What is refrigerator temperature in 0C?
  9. An erythrocyte classified as small with less color would be described how in medical terms?
  10. Is distilled water hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic? 
  11. The organization that mandates and enforces a safe employment environment is __.
  12. The term that means "production of blood" is __.
  13. In the fetus, where the earliest blood cells are found.
  14. At birth, where most blood production is taking place.
  15. The primary organ of extramedullary hematopoiesis in a fetus is the __.
  16. If you drew 100 cc of blood from a patient, ideally how much plasma could you harvest from that sample?
  17. The initial cell of blood origin (production) is the __.
  18. What make umbilical cord blood a good potential source of cells for bone marrow transplantation?
  19. The hematopoietic stem cell (multipotential stem cell) will further differentiate into one of two cells. What are they?
  20. What determines which blood cell will be made from any given stem cell?
  21. What is the parent cell of platelets?
  22. The life span of most of the cellular elements of blood is short (6 hours to 10 days). What are the two exceptions?
  23. Define medullary hematopoiesis and extramedullary hematopoiesis.
  24. Bone marrow contains three pools (populations) of cells. What are they? Which pool is the largest in terms of numbers?
  25.  
  26. Peripheral blood has two pools of blood. What are they.
  27. What does the M:E ratio represent?
  28. Name one cellular organelle that doesn't stain with routine hematologic stains.
  29. As a cell matures what happens to the size of the nucleus, the presence of nucleoli, the DNA pattern, and the cytoplasmic color?
  30. Describe a very immature cell in terms of size, N:C ratio, nuclear shape, chromatin pattern, presence of nucleoli, color of cytoplasm, and presence of granules.
  31. Are all WBCs nucleated?
  32. The term for WBC production is __.
  33. What is the function of all WBCs?
  34. The number of any WBC found in the circulating pool reflects an equilibrium of what 5 factors?
  35. The promyelocyte stage of development is characterized by the formation of __ in the cytoplasm.
  36. At what stage do specific granules first appear in granulocyte development?
  37. Which granulocyte stage of development is characterized by a kidney bean shaped nucleus that is less than 50% indented?
  38. What is another name for a segmented neutrophil or seg?
  39. What is the determining characteristic of a hypersegmented neutrophil?
  40. What does a "left shift" mean in terms of cells seen in peripheral blood?
  41. What do specific eosinophil granules contain?
  42. Which granulocyte is the smallest granulocyte?
  43. What do specific basophil granules contain?
  44. What do specific neutrophil granules contain?
  45. What bactericidal compound is produced by digestion of a phagocytized substance in a neutrophil?
  46. What is pus?
  47. What is toxic granulation?
  48. What is an anomaly?
  49. What is a leukemoid reation?
  50. Acute leukemia is characterized by the presence of (immature, mature) cells.
  51. The term for a decreased neutrophil count is __.
  52. All granulocytes originate from the same specifi progenitor cell, the __.
  53. Which WBC is the peripheral blood macrophage?
  54. Following the breakdown of an erythrocyte, what important component of hemoglobin is stored in macrophages?
  55. The term for increased monocytes in peripheral blood is __.
  56. Why is a monocytopenia difficult to detect?
  57. Macrophages in bone marrow are called __.
  58. What are the three functions of monocytes.
  59. Where does the lymphoid stem cell become a T lymphocyte?
  60. What are the primary lymphoid organs?
  61. Which lymphocyte is most prevelant in peripheral blood?
  62. Humoral immunity is a function of which lymphocyte?
  63. Plasma cells are __ lymphocytes that have undergone transformation.
  64. Another name for antibodies is __.
  65. Describe a primary immune response.
  66. How many classes of immunoglobins are there? Which class is the most abundant and most important to fight off infection?
  67. What is the secondary immune response and how does it differ from the primary immune response?
  68. Cell-mediated immunity is a function of which lymphocyte?
  69. Which specific lymphocyte is responsible for keeping the immune response in control?
  70. What is the difference between a polyclonal response and a monoclonal response to an antigen?
  71. Which produces a higher titer of antibody, a primary immune response or a secondary immune response?
  72. What is the difference between a lymphocytosis and a lymphocytopenia?
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