2. To grow to a large size, a crystal requires:
limited amounts of time
fluids of low viscosity
fluids with many seeds
a limited supply of ions
ALL OF THE ABOVE

3. A positively-charged atom is a(n):
isotope
anion
cation
neutron
proton

4. The smallest part of the crystal lattice of a mineral that displays the systematic pattern of atoms is the:
unit cell
energy-level shell
molecule
atom
neutron

5. Atoms of sodium present within sodium metal are:
cations
anions
electrically neutral
radicals
variable with respect to the number of protons present

6. The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron represents:
three atoms of oxygen bonded with one atom of silicon
three atoms of silicon bonded with one atom of oxygen
four atoms of oxygen bonded with one atom of silicon
four atoms of silicon bonded with one atom of oxygen
two atoms of silicon bonded with two atoms of oxygen

7. Which one of the following does NOT belong in the same mineral class as the others?:
olivine
calcite
potassic feldspar
clay
quartz

8. Molecules of PbS make up the following mineral:
hematite
halite
diamond
graphite
galena

9. In its ionically-bonded form, calcium represents an ion with a +2 charge. How many electrons does this ion have in its outermost energy shell?:
8
10
6
12
0

10. The mineral topaz scratches the mineral quartz. The mineral fluorite scratches the mineral calcite. Quartz scratches fluorite. Topaz scratches calcite. Given this information, arrange these minerals in order of softest-to-hardest:
topaz, calcite, quartz, fluorite
calcite, fluorite, quartz, topaz
fluorite, quartz, topaz, calcite
topaz, quartz, fluorite, calcite
quartz, calcite, topaz, fluorite

11. The cleavage property of a mineral generally represents:
zone(s) of soluble molecules
zone(s) where water has seeped into the crystal lattice
zones(s) of covalent bonding, only
zone(s) of weak atomic bonding
NONE OF THE ABOVE

12. An earth substance is said to be native when:
it occurs naturally in a chemically-uncombined form
it occurs naturally in a chemically-combined form
it has no crystal lattice
it occurs only in a certain geographic region
it is a silicate

13. An element has an atomic number of 19. Within its first (innermost) energy-level shell, therefore, this element has:
19 electrons
19 neutrons
19 protons
8 protons
2 electrons

14. Which one of the following is TRUE with respect to the (SO₄)^-2 radical?:
It forms native-state minerals.
Greater than 90% of all minerals have this as part of their unit cell.
It is present in the Earth's hardest mineral.
It is part of the mineral anhydrite.
Minerals with it fizz upon the application of acid.

15. The ion of a certain element has an atomic number of 20 and a charge of +2. Given this information, which one of the following statements about this ion is TRUE?:
It has 18 protons.
It has 20 protons.
It has 22 protons.
It has 20 electrons.
It has 22 electrons.

16. Crystals of sodium chloride are part of which mineral class?:
sulfides
sulfates
halides
oxides
carbonates

17. According to your text, the most abundant element in the Earth's crust is:
oxygen
aluminum
silicon
hydrogen
iron

18. According to your text, the appearance of a mineral in reflected light is its:
streak
cleavage
specific gravity
crystal form
luster

19. Atom X has 28 protons. Atom Y has 30 protons. Atom X differs from Atom Y in that it represents a different:
element
compound
isotope
cation
anion

20. Fe₂O₃ composes the mineral:
anhydrite
galena
quartz
olivine
hematite