2. Which one of the following landforms could be formed by either alpine or continental glaciation?:
arete
col
end moraine
horn
cirque

4. Jane Rock (Ace Glacial Geologist) observes an isolated, conical-shaped hill composed of sand and gravel in eastern North Dakota. She correctly concludes this feature to be a(n):
kettle
kame
esker
drumlin
col

5. A glacier has a negative budget. This glacier therefore MUST:
be actively advancing
have more accumulation than ablation
no longer have a definable firn line
no longer be capable of plastic flow
NONE OF THE ABOVE ARE VALID ANSWERS

6. On the average, 2 meters of glacier ice will form from how much snow?:
2 m
6 m
10 m
20 m
60 m

7. Which one of the following sediments is deposited on land directly from the base (bottom side) of flowing ice?:
basal (lodgement) till
ablation till
outwash
alluvium
rock flour

9. Elongate ridges of drift on the ice surface at the middle of alpine glaciers are called:
end moraines
lateral moraines
terminal end moraines
ground moraine
medial moraines

10. Which one of the following is NOT a landform produced by glacial or outwash deposition?:
kame
outwash plain
esker
end moraine
horn

11. An arete is a product of:
stagnant ice processes
till deposition
subglacial streams
headward erosion by alpine glaciers
deposition from meltwater

12. The iridescent-blue color of many glacial lakes is a consequence of:
suspended rock flour
glacier ice that has sunk to the bottom
reflection off the gray sky of mountain settings
snow suspended in the water
outwash sands and gravels

13. The firn line separates the:
zone of plastic flow from the zone of fracture
zone of ablation from the zone of accumulation
zone of accumulation from the zone of fracture
ice terminus from the end moraine
ice terminus from the terminal end moraine

14. Which one of the following would you NOT expect to find in the glacial landscapes of eastern North Dakota?:
end moraines
eskers
cols
outwash plains
kettles

15. Glacier ice:
is a metamorphic rock
sinks to the bottom of water
is white in pure form
is transformed into firn upon increased pressure
ALL OF THE ABOVE STATEMENTS ARE TRUE

16. Which one of the following is NOT a general characteristic of till?:
It can include clay-sized particles
It can include boulder-sized particles
It can include both clay- and boulder-sized particles
It is non-stratified
It is sorted

17. The Pleistocene Epoch began about how many years ago?:
2 billion
20 million
2 million
10,000
2,000

18. A glacial erratic is:
a proponent of the flood origin for all glacial landforms
a rock transported by a glacier from its bedrock point of origin
a high, spire-like bedrock landform in glacially-modified mountains
a glacial valley that is broadly U-shaped
an isolated hill of outwash in stagnant-ice terrain

19. Crevasses are characteristic of which zone (BEST answer)?:
zone of plastic flow
zone of fracture
zone of accumulation
zone of ablation
collapsed outwash plain

20. The terminal end moraine represents:
the outermost end moraine for any glacial episode
the innermost end moraine for any glacial episode
ridges of drift on the flanks of an alpine glacier
ridges of drift on the middle surface of an alpine glacier
a ridge formed by subglacial stream deposition