Procedural Methods
Physically based model and particle systems
Newtonian particles (f=ma) (use position and velocity matrices)
- independent particles
(and gravitational force)
- spring forces
- attractive and repulsive forces
use Euler's method to estimate
numerical instability
improved Euler method or Runge-Kutta method of order 2
- constraints
- collisions
- particles inside a sphere
- soft constraints (penalty function and/or energy function)
- language-based models
Hilbert curve
(space-filling curves)
Recursive methods and fractals
- fractal dimension
- midpoint division and Brownian motion
(random polylines)
- fractal mountains
- the Mandelbrot set