1	Civil Rights Episode 13 for HIST 104
2	Civil Rights Developments, 1950s-60s Legal civil rights for blacks, based on 13^th, 14^th, and 15^th amendments to Constitution added after the Civil War Formula for activating these old amendments: legal basis + citizen action Black achievement of civil rights as a template for other groups seeking rights (Chicanos, women)
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4	The Brown Case
5	Legal Bases for Segregation and Integration Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896: separate but equal Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 1954: separate is by nature unequal Violation of equal protection clause of Amendment XIV Must desegregate “with all deliberate speed” Dealing with de jure segregation (de facto segregation a later issue)
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8	Citizen Action (sometimes illegal) for Civil Rights Martin Luther King and nonviolent direct action Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1957 Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, 1960 Alliance of federal courts with citizen actions
9	Taking Action for Civil Rights
10	Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1956-57 Rosa Parks challenges the seating system, 1 Dec. 1956 King, 27, organizes boycott with Montgomery Improvement Association Concessions won from bus company U.S. Supreme Court decision 1957 settles the issue
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12	Orval Faubus Resists Desegregation, 1957 Federal district court orders integration of Little Rock Central H.S. Interposition by Faubus, using national guard Court order removes guard, mob action continues to delay integration
13	Integration of Little Rock Central High School Pres. Eisenhower sends in paratroopers to occupy school Nationalized guard protects students for school year
14	Sit-ins: Nonviolent Direct Action Department store lunch counters First sit-in by students from North Carolina A & T, 31 Jan. 1960 (or was it Wichita, or Oklahoma City?) Sit-ins and boycotts across the South Lunch counters integrated; many restaurants remain segregated
15	Freedom Riders Pairing of white and black riders (often students) Arrests for using wrong facilities in stations Mob action in Alabama, 1960 Att. Gen. Robert Kennedy sends in 600 federal marshals to escort Freedom Riders
16	Integrating Ole Miss, 1962 James Meredith (with NAACP) wins district court order for admission Gov. Ross Barnett invokes interposition
17	You Think Registration is Hard? 400 state police occupying admin building 167 federal marshals fire teargas, fight begins, and federalized national guard arrives Night-long campus riot, Meredith in admin building Registrar registers Meredith as Poly Sci major
18	Marching on Washington
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20	Actions in Washington Civil Rights March of 1963 200,000 sing “We Shall Overcome” at the Lincoln Memorial M.L. King, “I Have a Dream” Civil Rights Acts of 1964, 1965, 1966 Passage engineered by Pres. Johnson Discrimination prohibited in public facilities, housing, and employment
21	Violence, White and Black White reaction to civil rights Sunday School bombing in Birmingham, 1963, kills four girls KKK mob kills and secretly buries three civil rights marchers, Mississippi, 1965
22	The Long Hot Summer Watts riot, 1965, 34 deaths Riots in most all major cities, 1966-67 What were the causes of black urban violence?
23	Since Then: Civil Rights after the Civil Rights Movement
24	Radical Black Leadership Emerges Assassination of M.L. King, 1968 Transition in SNCC: Stokely Carmichael, H. Rapp Brown Black Panthers founded by Bobby Seale, Oakland, 1966 Black separatism as a tenet of the Black Muslims, Malcolm X
25	The Current Quiet in Civil Rights Affirmative action and equal opportunity Economic boom eases unemployment Acculturation issues with new ethnic minorities
26	Red Power
27	Quiet on the Rez? Federal programs seek to abolish tribes and reservations Termination Relocation
28	American Indian Movement (AIM) Founded 1968 in Minneapolis Occupation of federal BIA Symbolic protests across the country
29	Wounded Knee 1973 & Aftermath Armed occupation by AIM Violence on the reservation Conviction of Leonard Peltier
30	Toward Self-Determination
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