A Cumulative Checklist for the Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and
Allied
Fungi of the Continental
This list consists of cumulative updates to the most recently published North American checklist by Esslinger and Egan (1995). The style and conventions for listings used there are also generally followed here. As in the published checklist, under each genus the accepted names are given first and are in boldface. Names considered to be synonyms are given in normal font only. Significant changes made since the previous online version are given in blue font. As before, the following symbols are used to indicate the lichenicolous fungi and other allied fungi:
* = lichenicolous fungi (parasites on living lichens)
+ = saprophytic fungi related to lichens or lichenicolous fungi
# = various related fungi of uncertain status: i.e., those which are
questionably or weakly lichen-forming; or algicolous/saprophytic; or parasitic
when young but saprophytic or lichen-forming when mature.
My intent is to update this list at regular intervals, usually about once each year, as changes accumulate in the literature. The purpose for putting this checklist on-line is twofold. First to provide users of the checklist with the most current updates and changes, and second to provide the opportunity for (indeed, to invite) comments and suggested corrections from all users and readers. I would especially appreciate being informed of any oversights or omissions, and although not all taxonomic or nomenclatural differences of opinion will be easily or immediately settled, any matters regarding such opinions that users would like to share will be welcomed and taken under consideration. Additions or changes appearing in this on-line version of the checklist represent reports in the literature, and their presence here does not necessarily imply acceptance, tacit or otherwise, by the author. Some of these changes will likely be changed again before another hard copy of the checklist is published.
Please send comments to:
Dr. Theodore L. EsslingerSuggested Citation: Esslinger, T. L. 1997. A cumulative
checklist for the lichen-forming,
lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada.
Posted 1 December 1997, Most Recent Update 14 June 2005),
Previous versions of this on-line checklist are archived and available by clicking on the following:
Version
#1 (First Posted 1 December 1997)
Version
#2 (First Posted 17 February 1998)
Version
#3 (First Posted 22 June 1998)
Version
#4 (First Posted 19 July 1999)
Version
#5 (First Posted 15 May 2000)
Version
#6 (First Posted 26 February 2001)
Version
#7 (First Posted 27 August 2001)
Version #8 (First Posted 17 July 2002)
Version #9 (First Posted 2 March 2004)
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The genera are listed in alphabetical order, as are the lists of species
within each genus. Click on the following letters to advance to the
genera beginning with that letter:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
ABROTHALLUS De Not.
*bertianus De Not.
*bryoriarum Hafellner
*caerulescens Kotte (Diederich 2003)
*cetrariae Kotte (Goward et al. 1996)
*cladoniae R. Sant. & D. Hawksw.
*microspermus Tul. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001)
*parmeliarum (Sommerf.)
*peyritschii (Stein) Kotte
*pezizicola Diederich & R. C.
Harris (Diederich 2003)
*prodiens (Harm.) Diederich & Hafellner
*suecicus (Kirschst.) Nordin (Diederich
2003)
*tulasnei M. S. Cole & D. Hawksw. (Cole & Hawksworth
2001) Possible synonym of A. caerulescens? (Diederich 2003)
*usneae Rabenh. (Cole & Hawksworth 2001)
*welwitschii Tul.
*oxysporus Tul. = Phacopsis oxyspora
*usneae auct. non Rabenh. = Lichenostigma maureri
ABSCONDITELLA Vezda
lignicola Vezda & Pisut (Nash et al. 1998)
sphagnorum Vezda & Poelt
trivialis (Willey ex Tuck.) Vezda
ACANTHOTHECIS Clem.
abaphoides (Nyl.) Staiger & Kalb Syn.: Graphina abaphoides
(Staiger & Kalb 1999)
aurantiaca (Müll.
intertexta (Müll.
ACAROSPORA A. Massal.
aeruginosa Hasse
albomarginata (Herre) G. Salisb. Syn.: Thelocarpon albomarginatum
amphibola Wedd. (possibly a synonym of A. smaragdula)
applanata H. Magn.
arenacea H. Magn.
asahinae H. Magn.
asperata H. Magn.
badiofusca (Nyl.) Th. Fr.
bella
(Nyl.) Herre (Knudsen 2004b)
bullata Anzi
caesiofusca (Müll. Arg.) H. Magn.
californica Zahlbr.
canadensis H. Magn.
carnegiei Zahlbr.
cervina A. Massal.
cinereoalba (Fink) H. Magn.
citrina (Taylor) Zahlbr.
clauzadeana (Llimona) Casares & Hafellner Syn.: Biatorella
clauzadeana
coloradiana H. Magn.
complanata H. Magn.
desolata H. Magn.
dispersa H. Magn.
elevata H. Magn.
epilutescens Zahlbr. (Knudsen 2005a)
fuscata (Schrader) Arnold
fuscescens H. Magn.
gallica H. Magn.
geogena H. Magn.
glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körber
heppii (Nägeli ex Hepp) Nägeli ex Körber
heufleriana Körber
hilaris (Dufour) Hue
impressula Th. Fr.
instrata H. Magn.
interjecta H. Magn.
interposita H. Magn.
interspersa H. Magn.
macrospora (Hepp) Bagl.
molybdina (Wahlenb.) Trevisan
nevadensis H. Magn.
nigromarginata B. de Lesd.
nitida H. Magn.
nodulosa (Dufour) Hue var. nodulosa
obnubila H. Magn.
obpallens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
oligospora (Nyl.) Arnold
peliscypha Th. Fr.
peltastica Zahlbr.
pyrenopsoides H. Magn.
radicata H. Magn.
reagens Zahlbr.
rugulosa Körber
saepincola H. Magn.
scabrida Hedl. ex H. Magn.
schleicheri (Ach.) A. Massal.
scotica Hue
sinopica (Wahlenb.) Körber
smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal.
smaragdula var. lesdainii (Harm. ex A.L. Smith) H.
Magn. (Knudsen 2004a)
socialis H. Magn.
sparsa H. Magn.
stapfiana (Müll. Arg.) Hue
strigata (Nyl.) Jatta
subrufula (Nyl.) H. Oliv.
(McCune et al. 1997)
succedens H. Magn.
superfusa H. Magn.
tenebrica H. Magn.
terricola H. Magn.
thamnina (Tuck.) Herre
thelococcoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Syns.:
Lecanora thelococcoides, L. pleiospora
thermophila Herre
tongleti Hue
tucsonensis H. Magn.
utahensis H. Magn.
veronensis A. Massal.
washingtonensis H. Magn.
albida H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
amabilis H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
amphibola Wedd. = A. smaragdula
arenosa Herre = Sarcogyne arenosa
boulderensis H. Magn. = A. badiofusca
cartilaginea H. Magn. = A. fuscata
chlorophana (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
chrysops (Tuck.) H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
cineracea (Nyl.) Wedd. = misidentifications for North America
contigua H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
dissipata H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
epilutescens Zahlbr. = A. schleicheri
erythrophora H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
evoluta H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
flava (Bellardi) Ach. = Pleopsidium flavum
geophila H. Magn. = A. geogena
glebosa (Flotow) Körber = A. oligospora
hassei Herre = A. smaragdula var. lesdainii (Knudsen
2004a)
immersa Fink = Myriospora immersa
incertula H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
intercedens H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
lapponica (Ach. ex Schaerer) Th. Fr. = Polysporina lapponica
montana H. Magn. = A. rugulosa
nodulosa (Dufour) Hue var. reagens Zahlbr. = A. reagens
novomexicana H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
obscura H. Magn. = A. complanata
ocellata H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
oxytona (Ach.) A. Massal. = Pleopsidium flavum
particularis H. Magn. = A. smaragdula var. lesdainii
(Knudsen 2004a)
pleiospora (Nyl.) Hasse. = A. thelococcoides (Lendemer
2004a)
pleistospora (Nyl.) Hasse = A. thelococcoides
(Lendemer 2004a)
rhabarbarina Hue = A. schleicheri
rimulosa H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
rubicunda H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
rufescens (Ach.) Bausch = A. smaragdula
saxicola Fink = Glypholecia scabra
scabra (Pers.) Th. Fr. = Glypholecia scabra
squamulosa (Schrader) Trevisan = A. fuscata
squamulosa sensu Th. Fr. = A. macrospora
stenospora (Stizenb.) Hue = Lecanora stenospora
subalbida H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
subcontigua H. Magn. = A. schleicheri
subfuscescens (Nyl.) H. Magn. = Polysporina lapponica
texana H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
variegata H. Magn. = A. tongleti f. variegata
weldensis H. Magn. = Pleopsidium chlorophanum
xanthophana (Nyl.) Jatta = A. schleicheri
ACROCORDIA A. Massal.
cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia cavata
conoidea (Fr.) Körber Syn.: Arthopyrenia conoidea
gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. Syns.: Arthopyrenia gemmata, A.
alba, A. sphaeroides
megalospora (Fink) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
macrospora, A. finkii, Pyrenula megalospora
ACROSCYPHUS Léveillé
sphaerophoroides Léveillé
ACTINOGYRA Schol. = UMBILICARIA
muehlenbergii (Ach.) Schol. = Umbilicaria muehlenbergii
polyrrhiza (L.) Schol. = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza
ADELOCOCCUS Theissen & Sydow
*alpestris (Zopf) Theissen & Sydow
ADELOLECIA Hertel & Hafellner
kolaensis (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold Syn.: Lecidea conferenda
pilati (Hepp) Hertel & Hafellner Syns.: Lecidea pilati, L.
lyngeana, L. subauriculata Lynge non B. de Lesd.
sonorae Hertel
(Hertel 2004)
AGONIMIA Zahlbr.
allobata (Stizenb.) P. James (Fryday 2001)
gelatinosa (Ach.) Brand & Diederich Syn.: Polyblastia gelatinosa
(Sérusiaux et al. 1999)
opuntiella (Buschardt & Poelt) Vezda (Lendemer 2004c)
tristicula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Syn.: Polyblastia tristicula
AGRESTIA J. W. Thomson = ASPICILIA
cyphellata J. W. Thomson = Aspicilia hispida
hispida (Mereschk.) Hale & Culb. = Aspicilia hispida
AGYRIUM Fr.
+rufum (Pers.) Fr.
AGYROPHORA (Nyl.) Nyl. = UMBILICARIA
leiocarpa (DC.) Gyelnik = Umbilicaria leiocarpa
lyngei (Schol.) Llano = Umbilicaria lyngei
rigida (Du Rietz) Llano = Umbilicaria rigida
scholanderi Llano = Umbilicaria scholanderi
AHLESIA Fuckel = THELOCARPON
sphaerospora (H. Magn.) G. Salisb. = Thelocarpon sphaerosporum
AHTIANA Goward
aurescens (Tuck.) Thell & Randlane Syn.: Cetraria
aurescens (Thell et al. 1995)
pallidula (Tuck. ex Riddle) Goward & Thell Syn.: Cetraria
pallidula (Thell et al. 1995)
sphaerosporella (Müll. Arg.) Goward Syn.: Parmelia
sphaerosporella
ALECTORIA Ach.
fallacina Mot.
imshaugii Brodo & D. Hawksw.
lata (
nigricans (Ach.) Nyl.
ochroleuca (Hoffm.) A. Massal.
sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. subsp. sarmentosa
sarmentosa subsp. vexillifera (Nyl.) D.
Hawksw.
vancouverensis (Gyelnik) Gyelnik ex Brodo & D. Hawksw.
abbreviata (Müll.
achariana Gyelnik = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
altaica (Gyelnik) Räsänen = Bryoria nadvornikiana
ambigua Mot. = Bryoria trichodes subsp.
bicolor (Ehrh.) Nyl. = Bryoria bicolor
boryana Delise = A. nigricans
californica (Tuck.) G. Merr. = Kaernefeltia californica
canadensis Mot. = Bryoria trichodes subsp. trichodes
capillaris (Ach.) Crombie = Bryoria capillaris
cervinula Mot. = Bryoria cervinula
cetrariza Nyl. = Kaernefeltia californica
chalybeiformis (L.) Gray = Bryoria chalybeiformis
corneliae Gyelnik = Bryoria fremontii
delicata Mot. = a nomen nudum = Bryoria trichodes subsp. trichodes
divergens (Ach.) Nyl. = Bryocaulon divergens
fremontii Tuck. = Bryoria fremontii
fuscescens Gyelnik = Bryoria fuscescens
glabra Mot. = Bryoria glabra
haynaldii Gyelnik = misidentifications for
implexa (Hoffm.) Nyl. = Bryoria implexa
irvingii Llano = Bryoria nitidula
lanea auct. non (Hoffm.) Vainio = Bryoria nitidula
lanestris (Ach.) Gyelnik = Bryoria lanestris
luteola
minuscula (Nyl. ex
nadvornikiana Gyelnik = Bryoria nadvornikiana
nana Mot. = a nomen nudum = Bryoria simplicior
nidulifera Norrlin = Bryoria furcellata
nitidula (Th. Fr.) Vainio = Bryoria nitidula
norstictica Mot. = a nomen nudum = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
oregana Tuck. = Nodobryoria oregana
positiva (Gyelnik) Mot. = Bryoria fuscescens
pseudofuscescens Gyelnik = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
pubescens (L.) R. Howe = Pseudephebe pubescens
setacea (Ach.) Mot. = Bryoria capillaris for North American records
simplicior (Vainio) Lynge = Bryoria simplicior
stigmata Bystrek = A. sarmentosa subsp. sarmentosa
subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Gyelnik = Bryoria subcana
subdivergens E. Dahl = Nodobryoria subdivergens
subsarmentosa Stirton = A. sarmentosa subsp. sarmentosa
subtilis Mot. = a nomen nudum = Bryoria pseudofuscescens
tenerrima Mot. = Bryoria fremontii
tenuis E. Dahl = Bryoria tenuis
thrausta Ach. = Ramalina thrausta
tortuosa G. Merr. = Bryoria tortuosa
vexillifera (Nyl.) Stizenb. = A. sarmentosa subsp. vexillifera
virens auct. = Bryoria tortuosa for North American records
ALLANTOPARMELIA (Vainio) Essl.
almquistii (Vainio) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia almquistii
alpicola (Th. Fr.) Essl. Syn.: Parmelia alpicola
sibirica (Zahlbr.) Essl. = misidentification for North America (personal
communication, Linda Geiser)
ALLARTHONIA (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
caesia Flotow = Arthonia caesia
ALLOCETRARIA Kurokawa & Lai
madreporiformis (Ach.) Kärnef. & Thell Syns.: Dactylina madreporiformis,
Dufourea madreporiformis (Kärnefelt & Thell 1996)
oakesiana (Tuck.) Randlane & Thell Syn.: Cetraria
oakesiana
cucullata (Bellardi) Randlane & Saag = Flavocetraria cucullata
nivalis (L.) Randlane & Saag = Flavocetraria nivalis
AMANDINEA M. Choisy ex Scheid. & H. Mayrh.
adjuncta (Th. Fr.) Hafellner Syn.: Buellia adjuncta (Hafellner
2004c)
coniops (Wahlenb.) M. Choisy ex Scheid. & H. Mayrh. Syn.:
Buellia coniops
cacuminum (Th. Fr.) H. Mayrhofer & Sheard Syn.: Rinodina
cacuminum (Mayrhofer & Sheard 2002)
dakotensis (H. Magn.) P. May & Sheard Syns.: Rinodina
dakotensis, R. finkii, R. inaequalis, R. pennsylvanica, R. subplumbea, R.
subpyriniformis. (Sheard & May 1997)
efflorescens (Müll.
langloisii Imshaug ex Marbach (Marbach 2000)
leucomela (Imshaug) P. May & Sheard Syns.: Buellia
leucoemela (Sheard & May 1997)
milliaria (Tuck.) P. May & Sheard Syn.: Rinodina milliaria
(Sheard & May 1997)
placodiomorpha (Vainio) Marbach Syn: Buellia placodiomorpha
(Marbach 2000)
polyspora (Willey) E. Lay & P. May Syn.: Buellia polyspora
(Sheard & May 1997)
punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. Syn.: Buellia
punctata, B. myriocarpa, B. pullata
subduplicata (Vainio) Marbach (Marbach 2000)
submontana Marbach (Marbach 2000)
turgescens (Nyl.) Marbach (Marbach 2000) = Buellia
badia (Bungartz & Nash 2004c)
AMPHILOMA Nyl.
lanuginosum (Hoffm.) Nyl. = Leproloma membranaceum
AMYGDALARIA
consentiens (Nyl.) Hertel, Brodo & Mas. Inoue
continua Brodo & Hertel
elegantior (H. Magn.) Hertel & Brodo Syns.: Huilia
elegantior, Lecidea elegantior
haidensis Brodo & Hertel
panaeola (Ach.) Hertel & Brodo Syns.: Lecidea panaeola,
Huilia panaeola
pelobotryon (Wahlenb.) Norman Syns.: Lecanora pelobotrya,
Aspicilia pelobotrya, Lecidea pelobotrya, L. "pelobotrion"
subdissentiens (Nyl.) Mas. Inoue & Brodo
ANAMYLOPSORA Timdal
pulcherrima (Vainio) Timdal Syns.: Lecidea pulcherrima, Psora
pulcherrima
ANAPTYCHIA Körber
bryorum Poelt
elbursiana (Szatala) Poelt (Esslinger 2002a) Syn.: Physconia
thomsonii
isidiza Kurok. (Yoshimura & Sharp 1973)
palmulata (Michaux) Vainio
setifera Räsänen
ulotrichoides (Vainio) Vainio
appalachensis Kurok. = Heterodermia appalachensis
aquila (Ach.) A. Massal. North American records = A. palmulata
boryi (Feé) A. Massal. = Heterodermia boryi
casarettiana A. Massal. = Heterodermia casarettiana
chondroidea (W. A. Weber & D. D. Awasthi) Kurok. = Heterodermia chondroidea
ciliaris (L.) Körber = misidentifications for North America
comosa (Eschw.) A. Massal. North American records = Heterodermia galactophylla
corallophora (Taylor) Lynge = Heterodermia crocea (for North American records)
dendritica (Pers.) Vainio = Heterodermia dendritica
diademata (Taylor) Kurok. = Heterodermia diademata
domingensis (Ach.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia albicans
echinata (Taylor) Kurok. = Heterodermia echinata
erinacea (Ach.) Trevisan = Heterodermia erinacea
galactophylla (Tuck.) Trevisan = Heterodermia galactophylla
granulifera (Ach.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia granulifera
heterochroa Vainio = Heterodermia obscurata
hypoleuca (Muhl.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia hypoleuca
hypoleuca (Muhl.) A. Massal. var. colorata Zahlbr. = Heterodermia obscurata
kaspica Gyelnik = A. setifera
leucomela (L.) A. Massal. = Heterodermia leucomela
"leucomelaena" auct. = Heterodermia leucomela
major (Nyl.) Vainio = misidentifications for North America
neoleucomelaena Kurok. = Heterodermia boryi
obscurata (Nyl.) Vainio = Heterodermia obscurata
"palmatula" auct. = A. palmulata
pseudospeciosa Kurok. = Heterodermia pseudospeciosa
pseudospeciosa Kurok. var. tremulans (Müll. Arg.) Kurok. = Heterodermia
speciosa
ravenelii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Heterodermia albicans
sorediifera (Müll. Arg.) Du Rietz & Lynge = Heterodermia obscurata
speciosa (Wulfen) A. Massal. = Heterodermia speciosa
squamulosa Degel. = Heterodermia squamulosa
stippaea (Ach.) Nádv. = A. bryorum
tropica Kurok. = Heterodermia tropica
ANEMA Nyl. ex Forss.
dodgei Herre
progidulum (Nyl.) Henssen (Schultz 2002a)
jenisejensis H. Magn. = misidentification for
ANISOMERIDIUM (Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy
albisedum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis albiseda
ambiguum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia ambigua,
Ditremis ambigua
anisolobum (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot Syns.: Arthopyrenia anisoloba,
Ditremis anisoloba
aureopunctatum R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis macrospora R. C.
Harris non Makhija & Patwardhan (Harris 1995a)
biforme (Borrer) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia biformis, A.
parvula, A. conformis auct. N. Am., Ditremis biformis
biformoides R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
carinthiacum (Steiner) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
carinthiaca, A. dimidiata, Ditremis carinthiaca
distans (Willey) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia distans,
Ditremis distans
excaecariae (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syn.: A. sanfordense,
Ditremis sanfordensis (Harris 1995a)
finkii (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis finkii
(Harris 1995a)
griffinii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
leucochlorum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Arthopyrenia
leucochlora, Ditremis leucochlora
[Ditremis macrospora R. C. Harris]
phaeospermum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
polypori (Ellis & Everh.) M. E. Barr Syns.: Ditremis
nyssigena, Arthopyrenia willeyana (Barr et al. 1996)
quadricoccum R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a, Aptroot et al. 1997)
quaternarium (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis
quaternaria (Harris 1995a)
subprostans (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Arthopyrenia
subprostans, Ditremis subprostans.
tamarindi (Fée) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis tamarindi.
terminatum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis terminata,
Pleurotrema anacardi (Harris 1995a)
tuckerae R. C. Harris Syn.: Ditremis tuckerae.
feeanum (Müll. Arg.) R. C. Harris = A. anisolobum
juistense (Erichsen) R. C. Harris = A. polypori
nyssigenum (Ellis & Everh.) R. C. Harris = A. polypori
sanfordense (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium excaecariae
ANOMOMORPHA Nyl.
turbulenta (Nyl.) Hue Syn.: Graphis turbulenta (Staiger 2002)
ANTHRACOTHECIUM Hampe ex A. Massal.
canellae-albae (Fée) Müll. Arg.
nanum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Pleurotheliopsis nana, (?)
P. australiensis, Parmentaria nana
prasinum (Eschw.) R. C. Harris
staurosporum (Tuck. ex Willey) Zahlbr.
subglobosum Riddle
varians R. C. Harris
corticatum Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula corticata
falsarium Zahlbr. = Pyrenula falsaria
leucostomum (Ach.) Malme = Pyrenula leucostoma
libricola (Fée) Müll. Arg. North American records are probably
misidentifications.
maculare Zahlbr. = Pyrenula macularis
mucosum (Vainio) Zahlbr. North American reports are probably
misidentifications.
ochraceoflavens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula ochraceoflavens
ochraceoflavum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula ochraceoflava
pauciloculare Herre = identity uncertain
pyrenuloides (Mont.) Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula pyrenuloides
thelomorphum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenula thelomorpha
ANZIA Stizenb.
americana Yoshim. & Sharp
colpodes (Ach.) Stizenb.
ornata (Zahlbr.) Asah.
ANZINA Scheid.
carneonivea (Anzi) Scheid. (Goward et al. 1996)
APATOPLACA Poelt & Hafellner = CALOPLACA
oblongula (H. Magn.) Poelt & Hafellner = Caloplaca oblongula
ARCTOCETRARIA Kärnefelt & Thell
andrejevii (Oksner) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.: Cetraria
andrejevii, C. simmonsii
nigricascens (Nyl.) Kärnefelt & Thell Syn.: Cetraria
nigricascens, C. elenkinii, C. sibirica
ARCTOMIA Th. Fr.
delicatula Th. Fr.
interfixa (Nyl.) Vainio
ARCTOPARMELIA Hale
centrifuga (L.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia centrifuga, P.
aleuritica, Xanthoparmelia centrifuga
incurva (Pers.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia incurva, Xanthoparmelia
incurva
separata (Th. Fr.) Hale Syns.: Parmelia separata, P. birulae
var. grumosa, Xanthoparmelia separata
subcentrifuga (Oksner) Hale Syns.: Parmelia subcentrifuga,
Xanthoparmelia subcentrifuga
aleuritica (Nyl.) Hale = A. centrifuga
ARCTOPELTIS Poelt
thuleana Poelt
ARRHENIA Fries
*peltigerina (Peck) Rehead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys
Syn.: Omphalina peltigerina (Redhead et al. 2002)
ARTHONIA Ach.
albofuscescens Tuck.
albovirescens Nyl.
aleuromela Nyl.
*anjutii S. Kondr. & Alstrup (Kondratyuk 1996)
apatetica (A. Massal.) Th. Fr.
arthonioides (Ach.) A. L. Sm.
asteriscus Müll. Arg.
atomaria (Lynge) R. Kilias
atrata (Fée) Müll. Arg.
bisepta Degel.
byssacea (Weigel) Almq.
caesia (Flotow) Körber Syn.: Allarthonia caesia
caribea (Ach.) A. Massal.
caudata Willey
*ceracea Etayo & Breuss (Etayo & Breuss 1998)
chiodectella Nyl.
cinereopruinosa Schaerer
cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr.
*clemens (Tul.) Th. Fr.
complanata Fée
conferta (Fée) Nyl.
cupressina Tuck.
cytisi A. Massal.
didyma Körber
diffusa Nyl.
diffusella Fink
dispersa (Schrader) Nyl.
dispersula Nyl.
eckfeldtii Müll. Arg.
*epimela (Almq.) Lamb (Goward et al. 1996)
epipastoides Nyl.
*epiphyscia Nyl.
erubescens Willey
erupta Nyl.
excedens Nyl.
exilis (Flörke) Anzi
*farinacea (H. Olivier) R. Sant. (Diederich 2003)
fissurina Nyl.
floridana Willey
fuliginosa (Schaerer) Flotow
*fuscopurpurea (Tul.) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
galactitella Nyl.
glebosa Tuck.
granosa B. de Lesd.
gyalectoides Müll. Arg.
hamamelidis Nyl.
helvola (Nyl.) Nyl. (Harris 1977)
hypobela (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
ilicina Taylor
impallens Nyl.
incarnata Th. Fr. ex Almq.
infectans Egea & Torrente (Egea & Torrente 1995)
*intexta Almq.
lapidicola (Taylor) Branth & Rostrup
lecanactidea Zahlbr.
lecideella Nyl.
*lethariicola Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
leucastraea Tuck.
leucopellaea (Ach.) Almq.
*linitae R. Sant. (Esslinger & Egan 1995)
luridoalba Nyl.
madreana Egea & Torrente (Egea & Torrente 1995)
mediella Nyl.
microspermella Willey
*molendoi (Frauenf.) R. Sant. (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
muscigena Th. Fr. Syn.: Bryostigma leucodontis
neoni B. de Lesd.
*nephromaria (Nyl.) Nyl. ex H. Olivier
ochrocincta Willey
ochrodiscodes Nyl.
ochrolutea Nyl.
palmulacea (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
patellulata Nyl.
*peltigerina (Almq.) H. Olivier
perminuta Willey
phaeobaea (Norman) Norman
pinastri Anzi
platygraphidea Nyl.
platyspilea Nyl.
polygramma Nyl.
polymorpha Ach.
pruinata (Pers.) A. L. Sm.
pruinosella Nyl.
pruinosula Nyl.
punctiformis Ach.
pyrrhuliza Nyl.
quintaria Nyl.
radiata (Pers.) Ach.
ravenelii Tuck.
reniformis (Pers.) Ach.
rhoidis Zahlbr.
rubella (Fée) Nyl.
rupicola Fink
sexlocularis Zahlbr.
siderea Degel.
spadicea Leighton
stellaris Kremp.
stictella Stizenb.
subastroidella Nyl.
subdiffusa Willey
subdispuncta Nyl.
*subfuscicola (Lindsay) Triebel
subminutissima Nyl.
subminutula Nyl.
subrubella Nyl.
taedescens Nyl.
terrigena Nyl.
tetramera (Stizenb.) Hasse
torulosa Fée
tuckermaniana Willey
varia (Ach.) Nyl.
*varians (Davies) Nyl. Syn.: Celidium varians (Zhurbenko &
Laursen 2003)
vernans Willey
vinosa Leighton
viridicans Willey
xylographica Nyl.
alba Müll. Arg. = a Stirtonia sp.
aspersa Leighton = A. arthonioides
atractospora Zahlbr. = erroneous listing for Arthopyrenia atractospora
carneorufa Willey = Catillaria erysiboides
convexella Nyl. = a non-lichenized fungus (Mycoporum sp.?)
fusca (A. Massal.) Hepp = A. lapidicola
glaucescens Nyl. = Schismatomma glaucescens
glaucomaria (Nyl.) Nyl. = A. varians
gregaria (Weigel) Körber = A. cinnabarina
gregarina Willey = Coniarthonia gregarina
impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer = A. pruinata
leucodontis (Poelt & Döbb.) Coppins = A. muscigena
lurida Ach. nom. rej. = A. spadicea
melaspora Tuck. = Sporostigma melaspora (Grube 2001)
pyrrhula Nyl. = Coniarthonia pyrrhula
tumidula (Ach.) Ach. = A. cinnabarina
willeyi Tuck. = A. diffusa (Lendemer 2004a)
ARTHOPHACOPSIS Hafellner
*parmeliarum Hafellner (Diederich 2003, Zhurbenko &
Laursen 2003)
ARTHOPYRENIA A. Massal.
+analepta (Ach.) A. Massal. (Harris 1995a, Aptroot
2002a) Syn.: Polyblastiopsis fallax
cerasi (Schrader) A. Massal.
cinchonae (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
cinereopruinosa (Schaerer) A. Massal.
confluens R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
degelii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
esenbeckiana (Fée) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
exasperata R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
lyrata R. C. Harris
majuscula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
malaccitula (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
minor R. C. Harris
oblongens R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
planorbis (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
plumbaria (Stizenb.) R. C. Harris Syns.: Porina plumbaria,
Pyrenula herrei
punctiformis (Stizenb.) R.C. Harris (Aptroot 2002a)
rappii Zahlbr.
rhyponta (Ach.) A. Massal. (Aptroot 2002a)
taxodii R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a)
*texensis (Cooke) D. Hawksw.
affinis (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris = Strigula affinis North American records are
S. jamesii
alba (Schrader) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia gemmata
ambigua Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium ambiguum
anacardii Vainio = Anisomeridium terminatum
analeptella (Nyl.) Arnold = misidentifications for North America
anisoloba Müll. Arg. = Anisomeridium anisoloba
antecellens (Nyl.) Arnold = Mycoporum antecellens
atomarioides Müll. Arg. = Naetrocymbe atomarioides, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
atractospora Zahlbr. = Naetrocymbe atractospora, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
bifera Zahlbr. = A. malaccitula
biformis (Borrer) A. Massal. = Anisomeridium biforme
carinthiaca J. Steiner = Anisomeridium carinthiacum
cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris = Acrocordia cavata
conformis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = misidentifications for North America, mostly
Anisomeridium biforme
conoidea (Fr.) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia conoidea
dimidiata Fink = Anisomeridium carinthiacum
distans (Willey) Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium distans
epidermidis (DC.) A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
faginea (Schaerer) Swinscow = Strigula stigmatella
fallax (Nyl.) Arnold = A. analepta
finkii Zahlbr. = Acrocordia megalospora
floridana Zahlbr. = Naetrocymbe atomarioides, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
fraxini A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe fraxini, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming
(Harris 1995a)
gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. = Acrocordia gemmata
halodytes (Nyl.) Arnold = Pyrenocollema halodytes
hyalospora (Nyl.) Fink = Lithothelium hyalosporum
lapponina Anzi = A. analepta
leucochlora Müll. Arg. = Anisomeridium leucochlorum
macrocarpa (Körber) Zahlbr. = misidentifications for North America
macrospora Fink = Acrocordia megalospora
megalospora Lonnr. = Naetrocymbe megalospora, to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
mycoporoides Müll. Arg. = Mycoporum mycoporoides
padi Rabenh. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming
(Harris 1995a)
parvula Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium biforme
pinicola (Hepp) A. Massal. = A. cinereopruinosa
prospersella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pyrenocollema prospersella
punctiformis (Pers.) A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe punctiformis. to be excluded as
non-lichen-forming (Harris 1995a)
quinqueseptata (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Polymeridium quinqueseptatum
rhyponta (Ach.) A. Massal. = misidentifications for North America
salicis A. Massal. = Naetrocymbe ?, to be excluded as non-lichen-forming
(Harris 1995a)
sanfordensis Zahlbr. = Anisomeridium excaecariae
sphaeroides (Wallr.) Zahlbr. = Acrocordia gemmata
sublitoralis (Leighton) Arnold = Pyrenocollema sublitorale
submuriformis R. C. Harris = Strigula submuriformis
subprostans (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. = Anisomeridium subprostans
subpunctiformis Nyl. = A. atomarioides
tenuis R. C. Harris = Strigula americana
tichothecioides Arnold = Pyrenocollema tichothecioides
willeyana R. C. Harris = Anisomeridium polypori
ARTHOTHELIUM A. Massal.
abnorme (Ach.) Müll. Arg.
adveniens Nyl.
albovirescens (Nyl.) Fink
anastomosans (Ach.) Arnold
distendens (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
hallii (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
interveniens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
macounii (G. Merr.) W. Noble
macrothecum (Fée) A. Massal.
orbilliferum (Almq.) Hasse
pruinascens Zahlbr.
ruanum (A. Massal.) Körber
sanguineum (Willey) Zahlbr.
spectabile A. Massal.
subcyrtodes (Willey) Hasse
taediosum (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.
violascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
gregarinum (Willey) Zahlbr. = Coniarthonia gregarina
ilicinum (Taylor) P. James = Arthonia ilicina
ruanideum (Nyl.) Arnold = A. ruanum
ARTHRORHAPHIS Th. Fr.
*aeruginosa R. Sant. & Tønsberg
alpina (Schaerer) R. Sant. Syn.: Bacidia alpina
citrinella (Ach.) Poelt Syn.: Bacidia citrinella, B.
flavovirescens
#grisea Th. Fr. Syn.: Lahmia fueistingii
ARTHROSPORUM A. Massal.
populorum A. Massal. Syns.: Bacidia populorum, B. acclinis
accline (Flotow) A. Massal. = A. populorum
ASAHINEA Culb. & C. Culb.
chrysantha (Tuck.) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria
chrysantha
scholanderi (Llano) Culb. & C. Culb. Syn.: Cetraria
scholanderi
ASPICILIA A. Massal.
albomarginata B. de Lesd. Syn.: Lecanora albomarginata
[Lecanora albopruinosa Looman]
alboradiata (H. Magn.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora alboradiata
aliena (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora aliena
americana B. de Lesd. Syn.: Lecanora americana
annulata (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora annulata
anseris (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Synonym: Lecanora anseris
aquatica Körber Syn.: Lecanora aquatica
arctica (Lynge) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora arctica
caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold Syn.: Lecanora
caesiocinerea
caesiopruinosa (H. Magn.) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora
caesiopruinosa
calcarea (L.) Mudd Syn.: Lecanora calcarea
californica Rosentreter (Rosentreter 1998)
candida (Anzi) Hue Syn.: Lecanora candida
cinerea (L.) Körber Syn.: Lecanora cinerea
cingulata (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora cingulata
composita (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora composita
concinna (J. W. Thomson) J. W. Thomson (Thomson 1997)
contigua (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp. Syn.: Lecanora contorta
desertorum (Kremp.) Mereschk. Syn.: Lecanora desertorum
disserpens (Zahlbr.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora disserpens
elevata (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora elevata
filiformis Rosentreter (Rosentreter 1998)
fimbriata (H. Magn.) Clauzade & Rondon Syn.: Lecanora
fimbriata
fruticulosa (Eversm.) Flagey
gibbosa (Ach.) Körber Syns.: Lecanora gibbosa, L. gibbosula
grisea Arnold (Fryday 2001)
hispida Mereschk. Syns.: Agrestia hispida, A. cyphellata
heteroplaca (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora heteroplaca
humboldtii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
karelica (H. Magn.) Oksner
laevata (Ach.) Arnold Syn.: Lecanora laevata
laxula (H. Magn.) Brodo
leprosescens (Sandst.) Hav.
lesleyana Darbish. Syn.: Lecanora lesleyana
limitata (H. Magn.) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora limitata
mashiginensis (Zahlbr.) Oksner
mastoidea (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora mastoidea
mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. (Wetmore 1967, as Lecanora
mastrucata)
mazarina (Wahlenb.) R. Sant.
moenium (Vainio) Thor & Timdal
narssaquensis (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syns.: Lecanora basaltica,
L. narssaquensis
nathorstii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
nikrapensis Darbish. Syn.: Lecanora nikrapensis
nordlandica (H. Magn.) Degel.
novae-semliae (Zahlbr.) Oksner
pergibbosa (H. Magn.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora pergibbosa
perradiata (Nyl.) Hue Syn.: Lecanora perradiata
pertusa (Lynge) J. W. Thomson Syn.: Lecanora pertusa
plicigera (Zahlbr.) Räsänen Syn.: Lecanora plicigera
polychroma Anzi Syn.: Lecanora polychroma
quartzitica W. A. Weber
reptans (Looman) Wetmore Syn.: Lecanora reptans
rolleana Hue Syn.: Lecanora rolleana
rosulata Körber Syn.: Lecanora rosulata
ryrkaipiae (H. Magn.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora ryrkaipiae
sorediza (Lynge) J. W. Thomson
sublapponica (Zahlbr.) Oksner Syn.: Lecanora sublapponica
submersa (Lamy) Hue
subplicigera (H. Magn.) Oksner
subradians (Nyl.) Hue Syns.: Lecanora stygioplaca, L.
subradiascens, L. subradians
supertegens Arnold Syn.: Lecanora supertegens
[Lecanora tenuis H. Magn.]
verrucigera Hue Syn.: Lecanora verrucigera
alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia alphoplaca
alpina (Sommerf.) Arnold = Bellemerea alpina
bennettii (Lynge) J. W. Thomson = A. mashiginensis
cinereorufescens (Ach.) A. Massal. = Bellemerea cinereorufescens
diamarta (Ach.) Boistel = Bellemerea diamarta
excavata Thor & Timdal = A. moenium
flavida (Hepp) Rehm = Eiglera flavida
lacustris (With.) Th. Fr. = Ionaspis lacustris
melanaspis (Ach.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia melanaspis
melinodes Körber = Porpidia melinodes
myrinii (Fr.) Stein = Aspilidea myrinii
pelobotrya (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. = Amygdalaria pelobotryon
praeradiosa (Nyl.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia praeradiosa
radiosa (Hoffm.) Poelt & Leuckert = Lobothallia radiosa
sanguinea Kremp. = Bellemerea sanguinea
stygioplaca (Nyl.) Hue = A. subradians
subradiascens (Nyl.) Hue = A. subradians
subsorediza (Lynge) R. Sant. = Bellemerea subsorediza
ASPIDOTHELIUM Vainio
fugiens (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
ASPILIDEA Hafellner (Hafellner & Türk 2001)
myrinii (Fr.) Hafellner
ASTEROPHOMA D. Hawksw.
*mazaediicola D. Hawksw.
ASTEROTHYRIUM Müll. Arg.
decipiens (Rehm) R. Sant.
leucophthalmum (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.
rotuliforme (Mull. Arg.) Sérus. Syns.: Gyalectidium rotuliforme,
Lopadiopsis floridana
ASTROTHELIUM Eschw.
cinnamomeum (Eschw.) Müll. Arg.
confusum Müll. Arg.
diplocarpum Nyl. (Harris 1995a)
galbineum Kremp.
variolosum (Ach.) Müll. Arg. Syn.: Trypethelium catervarium
versicolor Müll. Arg.
conicum auct. = A. cinnamomeum
conicum Eschw. = (?) type not found
ochrothelizum Müll. Arg. = A. galbineum
ATHELIA Pers.
*arachnoidea (Berk.) Jülich
(Haffelner et al. 2002)
+epiphylla Pers.
poeltii Jülich
AULAXINA Fée
microphana (Vainio) R. Sant.
quadrangula (Stirton) R. Sant.
Return To Introduction or go to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z References Cited
BACHMANNIOMYCES D. Hawksw.
*uncialicola (Zopf) D. Hawksw.
BACIDIA De Not.
absistens (Nyl.) Arnold
aggregatula Malme
arceutina (Ach.) Arnold
[Bilimbia artyta (Ach.) Fink]
auerswaldii (Hepp ex Stizenb.) Mig.
augustinii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = misplaced here, correct placement
uncertain (Ekman 1996)
bagliettoana (A. Massal. & De Not.) Jatta
beckhausii Körber = misplaced here? (Ekman 1996)
biatorina (Körber) Vainio
brouardii (B. de Lesd.) Zahlbr.
campalea (Tuck.) S. Ekman & Kalb
circumspecta (Nyl. ex Vainio) Malme
coruscans S. Ekman
(Ekman 2004a)
diffracta S. Ekman
flavens (Willey) Zahlbr. = a species of Lecania (Ekman 1996)
friesiana (Hepp) Körber
granosa (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = misplaced here? (Ekman 1996)
hegetschweileri (Hepp) Vainio
helicospora S. Ekman
herbarum (Stizenb.) Arnold
heterochroa (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr.
hostheleoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr.
igniarii (Nyl.) Oksner
illudens (Nyl.) Lynge
insularis Zahlbr.
ioessa Herre = misplaced here, correct placement uncertain
(Ekman 1996)
jacobi (Tuck.) Hasse = misplaced here, correct placement uncertain
(Ekman 1996, 2004a)
kingmanii Hasse = misplaced here, correct placement uncertain
(Ekman 1996)
laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. subsp. laurocerasi
(Ekman 1996)
laurocerasi subsp. idahoensis (H. Magn.) S.
Ekman
medialis (Tuck. ex Nyl.) B. de Lesd. (Ekman 1996)
microcarpa (Th. Fr.) Lettau Syn.: Mycobilimbia microcarpa
(Ekman 1996)
mutabilis Malme
pammellii (Fink) Zahlbr.
polychroa (Th. Fr.) Körber
ravenelii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = misplaced here, correct placement
uncertain (Ekman 1996)
reagens Malme
rosella (Pers.) De Not.
rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal.
rubidofusca (Willey) Zahlbr. = possibly a species of Gyalidea
(Ekman 1996)
russeola (Kremp.) Zahlbr.
salmonea S. Ekman
saxicola Looman = misplaced, correct placement uncertain
(Ekman 1996)
schweinitzii (Fr. ex E. Michener) A. Schneider
scopulicola (Nyl.) A. L. Sm.
siberiensis (Willey) Zahlbr.
subgranulosa (Tuck.) Riddle Erroneously listed as a synonym of
Phyllopsora canoumbrina in the checklist; possibly belongs to Psorella (Ekman
1996)
subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold
suffusa (Fr.) A. Schneider
trachona (Ach.) Lettau
veneta S. Ekman
(Ekman 2004a)
vermifera (Nyl.) Th. Fr. (Ekman 1996)
viridifarinosa Coppins & P. James (Tønsberg 1997)
abbrevians (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = B. igniarii
abductans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = B. schweinitzii
accedens (Arnold) Lettau = Myxobilimbia accedens
accedens sensu Harris = unnamed species (Ekman 1996)
acclinis (Flotow) Zahlbr. = Arthrosporum populorum
affinis (Stizenb.) Vainio = B. subincompta
akompsa (Tuck.) Fink = a Lecanactis sp.
alaskensis (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Herteliana alaskensis
albescens (Kremp.) Zwackh = Bacidina phacodes, but misidentifications for N.A.
(Ekman 1996)
alpina (Schaerer) Vainio = Arthrorhaphis alpina
apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Bacidina apiahica
arnoldiana Körber = Bacidina arnoldiana
arthoniza (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Lecidella stigmatea
assulata (Körber) Vezda = Bacidina assulata
atrogrisea (Delise ex Hepp) Körber = B. laurocerasi
aurantiaca Vezda = Fellhanera aurantiaca
bacillifera (Nyl.) Arnold = B. circumspecta
caloosensis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = B. hostheleoides
carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins = a species of Mycobilimbia (Ekman 1996,
Printzen 1995)
chlorantha (Tuck.) Fink = Ropalospora chlorantha
chlorococca (Stenh.) Lettau = Scoliciosporum chlorococcum
chlorosticta (Tuck.) A. Schneider = Micarea chlorosticta
citrinella (Ach.) Branth & Rostrup = Arthrorhaphis citrinella
clementis Hasse = Bactrospora patellarioides (Ekman 1996)
coprodes (Körber) Lettau = B. trachona
cuprea (A. Massal.) Lettau = Lecania cuprea (Ekman 1996)
cupreorosella (Nyl.) A. Schneider = Lecania cuprea
declinis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Catillaria nigroclavata
dryina (Ach.) Fink = Bactrospora dryina
effusa auct. = B. assulata
egenula (Nyl.) Arnold = Bacidina egenula
egenuloidea Fink = Bacidina egenuloidea
endocyanea (Tuck. ex Willey) Zahlbr. = Micarea endocyanea
endoleuca auct. = B. laurocerasi
epixanthoides (Nyl.) Lettau = a species of Mycobilimbia (Ekman 1996)
flavovirescens (Dickson) Anzi = Arthrorhaphis citrinella
floridana (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Fellhanera floridana
fusca (A. Massal.) Du Rietz = Mycobilimbia tetramera
fuscorubella (Ach.) Bausch = B. polychroa
globulosa (Flörke) Hafellner & V. Wirth = Biatora
globulosa
gyalectiformis (Zahlbr.) Hasse = Ramonia ablephora
gyalizella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Pachphiale gyalizella
hegetschweileri auct. = B. vermifera (Ekman 1996)
hegetschweileri (Hepp) Vainio = B. subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold (Ekman 1996)
herrei Zahlbr. = Ophioparma rubricosa
hypnophila (Turner ex Ach.) Zahlbr. = Bacidia sabuletorum, but not present in
N. America
idahoensis H. Magn. = B. laurocerasi subsp. idahoensis
incompta (Borrer ex Hook.) Anzi = misidentifications for North America
inundata (Fr.) Körber = Bacidina inundata
leucophyllina (Nyl.) Fink = misidentifications for North America
lignaria (Ach.) Lettau = Micarea lignaria
lugubris (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. = Ropalospora lugubris
luteola "(Ach.) Mudd" = B. rubella
meadii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Byssoloma meadii
melaena (Nyl.) Zahlbr. = Micarea melaena
microphyllina auct. = Phyllopsora corallina var. santensis
microphyllina (Tuck.) Riddle = misidentifications for North America
minuscula Anzi = B. beckhausii
molybditis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = B. medialis
muscorum (Sw.) Mudd = B. bagliettoana
naegelii (Hepp) Zahlbr. = Lecania naegelii
nivalis Follmann = Stereocaulon nivale
obscurata (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. = Mycobilimbia tetramera
pallens (Kullhem) Zahlbr. = Cliostomum pallens (Ekman 1997)
phacodes auct. N. Am. = Bacidina californica, in part
populorum (A. Massal.) Trevisan = Arthrosporum populorum
rubricosa (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. = Ophioparma rubricosa
sabuletorum (Schreber) Lettau = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum
sphaeroides (Dickson) Zahlbr. = Mycobilimbia pilularis
sphaeroides auct. non (Dickson) Zahlbr. = B. carneoalbida
stigmatella (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Lecania stigmatella
subfuscula (Nyl.) Th. Fr. = Lecania subfuscula
tetramera (De Not.) Coppins = Mycobilimbia tetramera
trisepta (Hellbom) Zahlbr. = Micarea peliocarpa
umbrina (Ach.) Bausch = Scoliciosporum umbrinum
verecundula (Th. Fr.) = misidentification for North America (Ekman 1996)
BACIDINA Vezda
aenea S. Ekman
apiahica (Müll. Arg.) Vezda Syn.: Bacidia apiahica
arnoldiana (Körber) Wirth & Vezda Syn.: Bacidia arnoldiana
assulata (Körber) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia assulata, B. effusa
californica S. Ekman
chloroticula (Nyl.) Vezda & Poelt (Ekman 1996)
crystallifera S. Ekman
egenula (Nyl.) Vezda Syn.: Bacidia egenula
egenuloidea (Fink) S. Ekman Syn.: Bacidia egenuloidea
inundata (Fr.) Vezda Syn.: Bacidia inundata
neosquamulosa (Aptroot & van Herk) S. Ekman (Ekman 2004b)
ramea S. Ekman
squamellosa S. Ekman
varia S. Ekman
phacodes (Körber) Vezda = Bacidina californica, in
part, for N.A. records
BACTROSPORA A. Massal.
acicularis (C. W. Dodge) Egea & Torrente (Egea et al. 2004a)
brevispora R.C. Harris
brodoi Egea & Torrente
denticulata (Vainio) Egea & Torrente
dryina (Ach.) A. Massal. Syn.: Bacidia dryina
lamprospora (Nyl.) Lendemer Syns.: Gyalecta lamprospora, Melampylidium
macrosporum (Lendemer 2004a)
mesospora R.C. Harris
myriadea (Fée) Egea & Torrente
patellarioides (Nyl.) Vainio Syns.: Lecanactis patellarioides,
Bacidia clementis
spiralis Egea & Torrente
integrispora Seaver = B. denticulata (Harris 1995a)
macrospora R.C. Harris = B. lamprospora
nematospora R.C. Harris = B. myriadea
BACULIFERA Marbach & Kalb
curtisii (Tuck.) Marbach Syn.: Buellia curtisii (Marbach 2000)
imshaugiana (R. C. Harris) Marbach Syn.: Buellia imshaugiana
(Marbach 2000)
BAEOMYCES Pers.
carneus Flörke
placophyllus Ach.
rufus (Hudson) Rebent.
absolutus Tuck. = Dibaeis absoluta
fungoides (Sw.) Ach. North American reports are Dibaeis baeomyces
roseus Pers. = Dibaeis baeomyces
BATHELIUM Ach. (Harris 1995a)
carolinianum (Tuck.) R. C. Harris (Harris 1995a) Syn.:
Trypethelium carolinianum
madreporiforme (Eschw.) Trevisan (Harris 1995a) Syn.: Laurera
madreporiformis
BELLEMEREA Hafellner & Cl. Roux
alpina (Sommerf.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux Syns.: Lecanora
alpina, Aspicilia alpina
cinereorufescens (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux Syns.:
Aspicilia cinereorufescens, Lecanora cinereorufescens
diamarta (Ach.) Hafellner & Cl. Roux Syn.: Aspicilia
diamarta
sanguinea (Kremp.) Hafellner & Cl. Roux Syns.: Aspicilia
sanguinea, Lecanora sanguinea
subsorediza (Lynge) R. Sant. Syns.: Lecidea subsorediza,
Aspicilia subsorediza
BELONIA Körber ex Nyl.
russula Körber ex Nyl.
americana Fink ex Hedr. = Robergea pupula, but excluded as a non-lichen
fennica Vainio = B. russula
BIATORA Fr.
aegrefaciens Printzen (Printzen et al. 2002)
alaskana Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
botryosa Fr. (Printzen 1995) Syn.: Lecidea botryosa
chrysantha (Zahlbr.) Printzen in V. Wirth (Printzen 1995)
chrysanthoides Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen &
Tønsberg 2003)
cuprea (Sommerf.) Fr. Syn.: Lecidea cuprea
efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen (Printzen 1995) Syns.: Lecidea
efflorescens, L. epixanthoidiza
fallax Hepp (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
flavopunctata (Tønsberg) Hinteregger & Printzen Syn.:
Lecanora flavopunctata
globulosa (Flörke) Fr. Syns.:
Bacidia globulosa, Catillaria globulosa, Lecidea globulosa, L. sylvana
(Printzen 2004a)
helvola Körber ex Hellbom (Printzen 1995) Syn.: Lecidea
helvola
hypophaea Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg
1999)
longispora (Degel.) Lendemer & Printzen Syn.: Lecidea helvola var. longispora
(Lendemer 2004b)
meiocarpa (Nyl.) Arnold Syn.: Lecidea meiocarpa, L. minuta
nobilis Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 1999)
pausiaca Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg
2003)
pontica Printzen & Tønsberg (Printzen & Tønsberg 2003)
porphyrospoda Anzi Syn.: Lecidea porphyrospoda
printzenii Tønsberg (Tønsberg 2002)
rufidula (Graewe) S. Ekman & Printzen (Printzen &
Tønsberg 1999)
subduplex (Nyl.) Printzen (Printzen 1995) Syns.: Lecidea
subduplex, L.apochroeiza, L. internectens
toensbergii Holien & Printzen (Printzen & Tønsberg
1999)
turgidula (Fr.) Nyl. Syn.: L. turgidula
vacciniicola (Tønsberg) Printzen (Printzen 1995) Syn.: Lecidea
vacciniicola
vernalis (L.) Fr. Syn.: Lecidea vernalis
albohyalina (Nyl.) Bagl. & Carestia = Lecidea albohyalina (Printzen &
Tønsberg 1999)
anthracophila (Nyl.) Hafellner = Hypocenomyce anthracophila
botryosa Fr. (Printzen 1995) = Hertelidea botryosa
carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Coppins = a species of Mycobilimbia (Ekman 1996,
Printzen 1995)
cladoniscum Willey (see note under Nesolechia cladoniscum)
meadii Tuck. = Byssoloma meadii
epixanthoides (Nyl.) Diederich = Mycobilimbia epixanthoides
papillariae Willey (see note under Nesolechia cladoniscum)
pullata Norman = Lecidea amaurospoda
russellii Tuck. = Psora russellii
sphaeroides (Dickson) Körber = Mycobilimbia pilularis
BIATORELLA De Not.
cyphalea (Tuck.) Zahlbr.
floridensis H. Magn.
hemisphaerica Anzi
nannaria (Tuck.) Zahlbr. (Fink 1935)
plicata (H. Magn.) Zahlbr.
rappii Zahlbr.
albidula (Willey) Zahlbr. = Myrionora albidula
campestris (Fr.) Almq. = Sarcosagium campestre
clavus (DC.) Th. Fr. = Sarcogyne clavus
clauzadeana Llimona & Vezda = Acarospora clauzadeana
conspersa (Fèe) Vainio = Piccolia conspersa
fossarum (Dufour ex Fr.) Th. Fr. = B. hemisphaerica for North American records
hypophaea (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss. = Sarcogyne privigna
kulshanensis Herre = a Sarcogyne sp.
microhaema Norman = Strangospora microhaema
moriformis (Ach.) Th. Fr. = Strangospora moriformis
ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold = Strangospora ochrophora
pruinosa "(Körber) Mudd" = Sarcogyne regularis
+ resinae (Fr.) Th. Fr. = Sarea resinae
simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostrup = Polysporina simplex
terrena Hasse Identity uncertain
testudinea (Ach.) A. Massal. = Sporastatia testudinea
BIATOROPSIS Räsänen
*usnearum Räsänen
BIATORIDIUM J. Lahm
delitescens (Arnold) Hafellner (Ekman 1996)
BILIMBIA De Not. = MYCOBILIMBIA
caudata (Nyl.) Fink = Ropalospora lugubris
gyalectiformis Zahlbr. = Ramonia ablephora
pammellii Fink = Bacidia granosa (Ekman 1996)
tricholoma (Mont.) Fink = Byssoloma tricholomum
BISPORA Fuckel
*lichenum Diederich (Cole & D. Hawksw. 2001)
*christiansenii D. Hawksw. (Alstrup & Cole 1998) = Intralichen
christiansenii
BLASTENIA A. Massal. = CALOPLACA
diphasia (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = a Caloplaca diphasia
novomexicana Fink = a Caloplaca sp.
rubrofusca B. de Lesd. = a Caloplaca sp.
BOMBYLIOSPORA De Not. ex A. Massal. = MEGALOSPORA
domingensis (Pers.) Zahlbr. = Letrouitia domingensis
pachycheila (Tuck.) Zahlbr. = Megalospora pachycheila
porphyritis (Tuck.) A. Massal. = Megalospora porphyritis
tuberculosa (Fée) De Not. = Megalospora tuberculosa
vulpina (Nyl.) J. M. Burgess = nom. inval. = Letrouitia vulpina
BOTRYDINA Bréb. = LICHENOMPHALIA
botryoides (L.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
luteovitellina (Pilát & Nannf.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia
alpina
velutina (Quélet) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia velutina
viridis (Ach.) Redhead & Kuyper = Lichenomphalia hudsoniana
vulgaris Bréb. sens. str. = Lichenomphalia umbellifera
BOTRYOLEPRARIA Canals, Hernández-Mariné, Gómez-Bolea &
Llimona
lesdainii (Hue) Canals, Hernández-Mariné, Gómez-Bolea &
Llimona Syn.: Lepraria lesdainii (Canals et al. 1997)
BOTTARIA A. Massal. = MYCOPORUM Flotow ex Nyl.
cruentata Müll. Arg. = Pyrenula cruentata
BRIGANTIAEA Trevisan
fuscolutea (Dickson) R. Sant. Syn.: Lopadium fuscoluteum
leucoxantha (Sprengel) R. Sant. & Hafellner Syn.: Lopadium
leucoxanthum
praetermissa Hafellner & St. Clair (Hafellner 1997)
purpurata (Zahlbr.) Hafellner & Bellem. (Goward et al. 1996) = B.
praetermissa (Hafellner 1997)
BRODOA Goward
oroarctica (Krog) Goward Syn.: Hypogymnia oroarctica.
atrofusca (Schaerer) Goward Syns.: Hypogymnia atrofusca, Parmelia atrofusca.
North American reports are probably misidentifications of Brodoa
oroarctica(Krog) Goward.
intestiniformis (Vill.) Goward Syns.: Hypogymnia intestiniformis, H. encausta,
Parmelia intestiniformis, P. encausta. North American reports are
misidentifications of Brodoa oroarctica (Krog) Goward.
BRYOCAULON Kärnefelt
divergens (Ach.) Kärnefelt Syns.: Cornicularia divergens,
Coelocaulon divergens
pseudosatoanum (Asah.) Kärnefelt Syn.: Cornicularia
pseudosatoana
BRYONORA Poelt
castanea (Hepp) Poelt Syn.: Lecanora castanea
curvescens (Mudd) Poelt Syn.: Lecania curvescens
pruinosa (Th. Fr.) Holtan-Hartwig
septentrionalis Holtan-Hartwig
BRYOPHAGUS Nitschke ex
gloeocapsa Nitschke ex
BRYOPOGON Link
negativus Gyelnik = Bryoria lanestris
pacificus Gyelnik = Bryoria fuscescens
BRYORIA Brodo & D. Hawksw.
ambigua (Mot.) Bystr. & Fabiszewski (Bystrek &
Fabiszewski 1998)
bicolor (Ehrh.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria bicolor
capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
capillaris, A. setacea for North American records
carlottae Brodo & D. Hawksw.
cervinula Mot. ex Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria
cervinula
chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria
chalybeiformis
fabiszewskiana Bystr. (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
fremontii, A. corneliae, A. tenerrima
friabilis Brodo & D. Hawksw. (Holien, 1989, considers this
taxon to be a synonym of and conspecific with B. implexa)
furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
nidulifera, Cornicularia fibrillosa
furcellata subsp. hawksworthiana Bystr. &
Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
fuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
fuscescens, A. positiva, Bryopogon pacificus
glabra (Mot.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria glabra
implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria
implexa (See notes under B. friabilis and B. pseudofuscescens)
lanestris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
lanestris, Bryopogon negativus
nadvornikiana (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.:
Alectoria nadvornikiana, A. altaica
nitidula (Th. Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
nitidula, A. irvingii, A. lanea auct.
pikei Brodo & D. Hawksw.
pseudocapillaris Brodo & D. Hawksw.
pseudofuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.:
Alectoria achariana, A. norstictica nom. nudum, A. subtilis nom.nudum (Holien,
1989, considers this taxon to be a synonym and conspecific with B. implexa)
salazinica Brodo & D. Hawksw.
simplicior (Vainio) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
simplicior, A. nana nom. nudum
spiralifera Brodo & D. Hawksw.
subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.:
Alectoria subcana
tenuis (E. Dahl) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syn.: Alectoria tenuis
tortuosa (G. Merr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Syns.: Alectoria
tortuosa, A. virens for North American records
trichodes (Michaux) Brodo & D. Hawksw. subsp. trichodes
Syns.: Alectoria canadensis, A. delicata nom. nudum
trichodes subsp.
trichodes subsp. brodoana Bystr. &
Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
trichodes subsp. canadensis (Mot.) Bystr.
& Fabiszewski (Bystrek & Fabiszewski 1998)
abbreviata (Müll.
oregana (Tuck. ex Willey) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Nodobryoria oregana
setacea (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Not in
subdivergens (E. Dahl) Brodo & D. Hawksw. = Nodobryoria subdivergens
vrangiana (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. sens. str. is known only from
BRYOSCYPHUS Spooner
*lichenicola Alstrup & M. Cole (Alstrup & Cole 1998)
BUELLIA De Not.
aethalea (Ach.) Th. Fr.
arborea Coppins & Tønsberg (Tønsberg & McCune 2001)
arnoldii Servít & Nádv.
#badia (Fr.) A. Massal.